Physical Science

Course Description

Open to: Grade 9 One Year Course
Prerequisite: None
Content: Students will explore two major areas of science: Physics and Chemistry. Students will study energy, forces and matter as it relates to mechanical, chemical, and electrical concepts in everyday life. Students will focus on the process of science, gaining experience in observation, collection and interpretation of data, and the acquisition of basic laboratory skills.

Adopted Materials

Title:: Physical Science
Authors: Borgford, C., Champagane, A., Cuevas, M. et al.
Publisher: Holt, Rinehart, Winston

Grades

The grade that a student receives in this course will be a reflection of how the student has performed in three main areas; the assimilation of content, the acquisition of performance skills, and the knowledge gained from homework. The course grade will be calculated from scores obtained on unit tests, projects and activities (labs, model building, reports, etc.), homework, and a semester final. Progress reports should provide the student and parents with information (average grades or percentages) in three main areas: unit tests, projects/activities, and homework completed.

The Final is also the End of Course Exam (EOC), which will count as 10% of the student’s final grade and determine whether or not the student has met the State Standards in Science for this particular course. The science curriculum supervisor discourages the use of notes, note cards, or books when taking a unit test. Students will not be allowed to use these items on the Final Exam.

Copyright Resources

Course Scope and Sequence for Semester I (Physics)

Course Scope and Sequence for Semester II (Chemistry)

• For specific Standard References please see: Idaho State Assessment Standards
• Download this curriculum and standards documentation as a "Printer Friendly" pdf file
• Curriculum updated: 8/13/2007

Unit 0

Unifying Concepts of Science and Scientific Inquiry

Ongoing

1205.01 Understand the systems, order, and organization of the universe; the processes of evidence collection and model building used to explain the structure of the universe; the concepts of constancy and/or change in observed phenomena; the theory that evolution is a process that relates to gradual changes in the universe; and that equilibrium is a physical state of balance between offsetting and opposite forces.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.1

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Know that there is order and predictability in the universe and that patterns and similarities allow us to organize information about our universe.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

02

Use observations and data as evidence on which to base scientific explanations and predictions about earth processes.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

03

Develop scientific explanations based on scientific knowledge, logic, and analysis.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

04

Develop or use models to explain physical science concepts.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

05

Identify and analyze systems in physical science that do, or do not, change with time.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

06

Understand the relationships of past, present, and future.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

1205.02 Understand scientific inquiry and develop critical thinking skills.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.1

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Develop the ability to design experiments by:
● Designing appropriate and testable experiments
● Understanding the importance of controls in experiments
● Identifying variables and recognizing the importance of changing only one variable at a time when conducting experiments
● Predicting the outcome of an experiment and comparing the prediction to an actual outcome
● Critiquing experimental designs

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

EOC

02

Develop the ability to acquire data through experimentation and observation by:
● Becoming familiar with, and practiced in selecting, the appropriate scientific apparatus, instrumentation, or available technology
● Being able to work collaboratively in groups
● Observing essential safety precautions associated with all laboratory procedures

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

03

Develop the ability to record and manipulate data by:
● Using SI units in all cases of measurement and observation
● Designing and using data tables for the orderly recording of observations and measurements
● Creating graphs of recorded data that include labels and numerical values or scales for all axes
● Carrying out computations and/or numerical calculations for analyzing data

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

04

Develop the ability to communicate and share results by:
● writing lab reports and scientific papers
● reading appropriate scientific articles and reports
● presenting oral reports in both an individual and collaborative fashion
● using discipline-appropriate language or vocabulary to communicate scientific ideas clearly
● using mathematical models in the exploration of patterns and relationships

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

1205.03 Understand the significance of major scientific milestones and the relationship between science and technology.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.5

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Identify scientists that have made significant contributions to advance our knowledge in the fields of Physics and Chemistry.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

EOC

02

Know that science and technology are interrelated to each other, society, and to the workplace.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

1205.04 Understand common environmental quality issues, both natural and human induced and the importance of managing and conserving natural resources.

Standard Reference
District

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Explore the environmental issues that impact the geo and biosphere.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

02

Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy resources for Earth’s populations.

Holt, Rinehart, Winston

TMA

Back to Top

Unit 1

Measurement & Physical Properties of Matter

1.5 weeks

1208.05 Measure in both the metric (Systeme Internationale) and customary measurement system.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.1

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Recognize that the metric system is the universal measurement of science.

Ch. 1

EOC, TMA

02

Use and manipulate appropriate metric units of measurement; for example, milli, centi, base, and kilo.

Ch. 1,
Lab Manual Pg 15
Activity pg. 712

EOC, TMA

03

Compare common metric and customary English measurements; for example, miles vs. kilometer, quart vs. liter, inches vs. centimeter and pound vs. kilogram.

Ch. 1

TMA

1208.06 Know the basic physical properties of matter.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe and determine the general physical properties of mass, weight, volume, and density.

Ch. 2

EOC, TMA

02

Explain that because of gravity, weight is a changeable property of matter.

Ch. 2

EOC, TMA

03

Explain the relationship between mass, weight, volume and density.

Ch. 2

EOC, TMA

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Unit 2

Linear Motion

2 weeks

1208.07 Investigate and understand the basic attributes of motion.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Define motion and speed.

Ch. 5

EOC, TMA

02

Distinguish between and calculate constant speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration.

Ch. 5
Vernier Software ultrasonic motion detector.

EOC, TMA

03

Represent constant speed, average speed, and acceleration through the development and interpretation of appropriate data tables and graphs.

Ch. 5,
Lab pg. 318
Ch. 5,
Lab Man # 30 & #31

EOC, TMA

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Unit 3

Forces and Motion

3 weeks

1208.08 Investigate and understand the relationship between motion and force.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Recognize that objects change their motion only when a net force is applied.

Ch. 5

EOC, TMA

02

Define force and differentiate between balanced, unbalanced and net force.

Ch. 5

EOC, TMA

03

Describe the effects of friction on motion.

Ch. 5,
Activity pg. 750,
Lab Manual #32

EOC, TMA

1208.09 Understand that gravity is a universal force.

Standard Reference
District

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

State the Law of Universal Gravitation.

Ch. 5,
Activity pg. 738

EOC, TMA

02

Describe the effect of gravity on falling objects.

Ch. 5,
Activity pg 739,
Lab Manual #33

EOC, TMA

1208.10 Investigate and understand Newton’s laws of motion.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Define Newton’s 1^st law of motion and explain the role of inertia. Provide examples.

Ch. 6,
Vernier Motion sensor software

EOC, TMA

02

Relate force, mass and acceleration as described in Newton’s 2nd Law. Provide examples.

Ch. 6,
Vernier Motion sensor software

EOC, TMA

03

Analyze the action and reaction forces and the role of momentum involved in Newton’s 3rd Law.

Ch. 6
Vernier Software

EOC, TMA

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Unit 4

Forces in Fluids

1.5 weeks

1208.11 Investigate and understand how fluids exert pressure and effect motion.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Define pressure.

Ch. 7

EOC, TMA

02

Describe the relationship between pressure, depth and density of a fluid.

Ch. 7

TMA

03

Explain the relationship between fluid pressure and the buoyant force. Provide examples.(Archimedes’ principle)

Ch. 7

EOC, TMA

04

Describe the relationship between pressure and fluid speed. Provide examples. (Bernoulli’s principal)

Ch. 7

EOC, TMA

05

Know that a fluid contained in a vessel exerts pressure equally, in all directions. Provide examples. (Pascal’s principle)

Ch. 7

EOC, TMA

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Unit 5

Energy

2.5 weeks

1208.12 Understand potential and kinetic energy.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy.

Ch. 9,
Vernier Software Hall effect force probe or use spring scales

EOC, TMA

02

Recognize examples of kinetic energy and the various forms of potential energy.

Ch. 9

EOC, TMA

1208.13 Understand that energy can be transferred and transformed but it can neither be destroyed nor created.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Explain the concept of Conservation of Energy.

Ch. 9

EOC, TMA

02

Reference the Law of Conservation of Energy to illustrate energy transformations between Potential and Kinetic energy.

Ch. 9

EOC, TMA

03

Recognize that total mechanical energy equals the potential energy plus the kinetic energy

Ch. 9
Lab Manual #42

EOC, TMA

04

Describe the different forms of energy and explain how they can be transformed and transferred.

Ch. 10

EOC, TMA

05

Explain how heat energy can be transferred through conduction, radiation and convection.

Ch. 10

EOC, TMA

03

Calculate work and power in terms of force, distance and time.

Ch. 8

EOC, TMA

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Unit 6

Mechanical Waves and Sound

1 weeks

1208.14 Know that energy is transferred by various types of mechanical waves.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Identify the characteristics of waves including wavelength, frequency and amplitude.

Ch. 20

EOC, TMA

02

Describe how wave properties influence the energy transferred by a wave.

Ch. 20
Vernier Software Light sensor

EOC, TMA

03

Compare and contrast the properties of transverse and longitudinal waves.

Ch. 20

EOC, TMA

04

Explain how sound waves are produced and transmitted.

Ch. 21
Activities p 773&774
Activity doing pg 615

EOC, TMA

05

Explain how temperature and the density of the medium affect the speed of sound.

Ch. 21
Vernier Software
Microphone/Amp

EOC, TMA

06

Describe and give illustrative examples of the Doppler effect.

Ch. 21
Lab pg 636

TMA

Back to Top

Unit 7

Electromagnetic Waves and Light

2 weeks

1208.15 Know that energy is transferred by various types of electromagnetic waves.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

01

Describe light as an electromagnetic wave

Ch 22

02

Recognize the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum from least energy, lowest frequency to highest energy and highest frequency.

Ch 22

EOC, TMA

03

Describe the uses of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies.

Ch 22

TMA

04

Explain how visible light can be modeled as a wave or a particle.

Ch 22
Activity pg 778,
Lab Manual #58, #59, #61
Lab pg 700
Spectroscopes & gas tubes, "Optical illusions connections" pg 688

EOC, TMA

05

State how the medium affects the speed of light.

Ch. 22

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 8

Electricity and Magnetism

2 weeks

1208.16 Know the basic electrical properties of matter.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Explain how electric charge is related to particle motion.

Ch. 17

EOC, TMA

02

Describe the action and forces that occur between like and unlike charges.

Ch. 17

EOC, TMA

03

Demonstrate the methods of electrostatic charging including friction, conduction & induction.

Ch 17
Activity pg 757

EOC, TMA

1208.17 Understand electrical current.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Define electric current and state how it is measured (math formula).

Ch. 17

EOC, TMA

02

Describe and compare the flow of electrons through conductors and insulators.

Ch. 17
Lab manual #48

EOC, TMA

03

Recognize the relationship between current, voltage and resistance by applying Ohm’s Law.

Ch. 17
Activity calculating pg 500

EOC, TMA

04

Explain how a battery provides energy for a series and parallel circuit.

Ch. 17
Lab manual #49 or lab in Merrill text pg 564.

TMA

1208.18 Understand magnetism.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe magnetism and the behavior of magnetic poles.

Ch. 18

EOC, TMA

02

Represent a magnetic field by drawing lines of force extending from magnets.

Ch. 18
Lab pg 530
Lab manual #50

EOC, TMA

1208.19 Understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

State that moving electrical charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electrical forces.

Ch 18

EOC, TMA

02

Explain the structure and function of electromagnets.

Ch. 18
Lab pg 522

EOC, TMA

03

Identify the electromagnetic energy transformations involved in an electric motor and a generator.

Ch. 18

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 9

Chemical Properties & Classification of Matter

2 weeks

1208.20 Know the basic chemical properties and states of matter.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe two chemical properties of matter and explain what happens during a chemical change.

Ch. 2

EOC, TMA

02

Review physical properties.

Ch. 2

TMA

03

Differentiate between chemical and physical changes and provide examples of both.

Ch. 2

EOC, TMA

04

Describe each of the four states, "phases", of matter in terms of particle motion, arrangement and spacing.

Ch. 3

EOC, TMA

1208.21 Understand that scientists use a classification system to organize matter by investigating the differences between elements, compounds, mixtures and solutions.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe and give examples of elements, compounds, mixtures and solutions.

Ch. 4

EOC, TMA

02

Describe a solution, identify its two general parts, and relate the concept of solubility.

Ch. 4

EOC, TMA

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Unit 10

Atomic Theory and Structure

2 weeks

1208.22 Understand the structure of the atom, know the function and location of the particles that compose it, and explain how atoms can exist as isotopes.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Identify, define, and describe the location of the main subatomic particles as inferred by the current atomic models.

Ch. 11

EOC, TMA

02

Compare and contrast how the early models of atoms support the current atomic model.

Ch. 11

TMA

03

Using models of atoms distinguish between and determine both the atomic number and atomic mass.

Ch. 11

EOC, TMA

04

Describe the structure of an isotope.

Ch. 11

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 11

Periodic Table

2 weeks

1208.23 Understand how scientists have classified elements by their physical and chemical properties on a Periodic Table.

Standard Reference
District

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Identify and label on the Periodic Table, the general components, such as atomic numbers, atomic mass, symbols, families/groups and periods.

Ch. 12

EOC, TMA

02

Explain how elements are arranged on the Periodic Table by periodic functions of their electron configuration and properties.

Ch. 12

EOC, TMA

03

Know that the energy levels of the atom are filled in a certain manner and that each energy level has a maximum number it can hold. List the maximum number each energy level can hold to at least the third level.

Ch. 12

EOC, TMA

04

Describe the distinctive properties of the element families/groups.

Ch. 12

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 12

Chemical Bonding

2 weeks

1208.24 Utilize the information on the periodic table to predict chemical combinations resulting from the transferring or sharing of electrons.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe what valence electrons are and how they are involved in the bonding process.

Ch. 13

EOC, TMA

02

Describe how an atom forms an ion through the process of ionization.

Ch. 13

EOC, TMA

03

Compare and contrast the ionic and covalent bond formation. Identify properties and examples of each.

Ch. 13

EOC, TMA

04

Differentiate between atom/molecule, symbol/formula, and element/compound

Ch. 13

EOC, TMA

05

Use the Periodic Table to predict possible chemical combinations of atoms using oxidation numbers of individual atoms and write their formulas.

Ch. 13

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 13

Chemical Reactions & Equations

3 weeks

1208.25 Understand how elements and compounds interact with each other and change properties in chemical reactions.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Explain that a chemical reaction is accompanied by a change of properties resulting in the formation of new substances and a change in energy.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

02

State the relationship between a chemical reaction and a chemical equation.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

03

Identify and balance the reactants and products expressed in a chemical equation.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

04

Relate the Law of Conservation of Mass to chemical reactions.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

05

Describe the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction. State examples of each.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

06

Identify and explain how various factors affect the rates of chemical reactions.

Ch. 14

EOC, TMA

Back to Top

Unit 14

Acids and Bases

1.5 weeks

1208.26 Investigate and understand the properties and uses of acids and bases.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

State the uses and properties of acids and bases.

Ch. 15

EOC, TMA

02

Describe how the pH scale and chemical indicators are used to identify acids and bases.

Ch. 15

EOC, TMA

03

Understand the process of neutralization.

Ch. 15

TMA

Back to Top

Unit 15

Carbon Compounds & Energy

1.5 weeks

1208.27 Investigate and understand the properties and uses of carbon compounds.

Standard Reference
8-9 PS.2

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Distinguish between inorganic and organic compounds.

Ch. 15

TMA

02

Describe the structure and function of hydrocarbons.

Ch. 15

TMA

03

Investigate petrochemical products and the process of polymerization.

Ch. 15

TMA

04

Describe the characteristics of the biochemicals: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Ch. 15

TMA

Back to Top

Unit 16

Nuclear Reactions & Energy

2 weeks

1208.28 Understand how radioactive particles and rays are emitted from radioactive elements, and that the energy released in nuclear reactions may be both beneficial and hazardous.

Standard Reference
District

No.

Performance Objective

Resource Reference

Assessment Correlation

01

Describe, in general, how radioactivity occurs including the concepts of half-life and transmutation.

Ch. 16

EOC, TMA

02

Describe and contrast the products of radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

Ch. 16

EOC, TMA

03

Identify the uses of radioactive isotopes.

Ch. 16

TMA

04

Distinguish between the processes of nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Draw a simple diagram of each process.

Ch. 16

EOC, TMA

05

Trace the events, in general, in a nuclear chain reaction.

Ch. 16

TMA

06

Identify current technologies, used to detect and measure radioactive particles.

Ch. 16

EOC, TMA

07

Recognize the benefits that nuclear energy provides as well as the hazards that can result in its use.

Ch. 16

EOC, TMA