Libraries & Instructional Media

Citing Sources

In research writing, it is important to give credit to sources that the writer includes in his or her paper. For purposes of standardization Boise schools are using the MLA Association style of documenting sources used in research.

Below are listed examples of the most commonly used types of references for the works cited (bibliography) portion of research papers. Each section is headed in bold font, with examples of how the works cited entry would appear. In the event that a given type of reference is not listed herein, the writer should consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th Edition.

I.  PRINT SOURCES
BOOKS
 Author last name, first name.  Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

BOOK---NO NAMED AUTHOR
Blueprint for Life.  Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1993.

BOOK---ONE NAMED AUTHOR 
Salisbury, Graham. Blue Skin of the Sea: A Novel in Stories. New York: Delacorte, 1992.

BOOK---MULTIPLE AUTHORS 
Burnham, Robert W., Randall M. Hanes and C. James Bartleson. Color, a Guide 
        to Basic Facts and Concepts.  New York: Wiley, 1963.

BOOK ---EDITED 
The Art of Work.  Ed. Christine LaRocco and Jim Coughlin. Cincinnati: South Western, 1996.

ARTICLE IN A BOOK EDITED 
Brown, Charles.  "Hate Speech Should Be Outlawed." Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints.
Ed. Charles  P. Cosic.  San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994. 85-89.

WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY
White, E. B.  "Once More to the Lake."  The Norton Book of Personal Essays.  Ed.  Joseph 
           Epstein. New York:  W. W. Norton, 1997.  125.

BOOK---TRANSLATION 
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isaevich.  One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.  Trans. 
           Ralph Parker.  New York:  Dutton, 1963.

BOOK---CORPORATE AUTHOR 
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Gender Gaps:  Where 
          Schools Still Fail Our Children. New York:  Marlowe, 1999.

MULTIVOLUME WORK---CITING ONE VOLUME ONLY 
“Puzo, Mario.”  Major 20TH Century Writers.  Vol. 4.  Ed. Kathleen Wilson. 
            Detroit:  Gale, 1999.  2303-2306.

Gray, James.  “John Steinbeck.” American Writers:  A Collection of Literary 
            Biographies.  Vol. IV.  Ed. Leonard Unger.  New York:  Scribner’s, 1974.  49-72.

PERIODICALS AND ARTICLES
 Author lastname, first name.  “Title.” Publication.  Date of Publication,  Editon:  Pages.

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---UNSIGNED 
"DNA."  Encyclopedia Americana. 14th ed.  1994.

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---SIGNED
Smith, Richard. "Color and Light."   Encyclopedia Brittanica.  24th  ed.  1995.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE---SIGNED
May, Clifford.  "Religious Frictions Heat Up in Rwanda." New York Times  12 
          Aug. 1994,  late ed.:  A1+.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---UNSIGNED
"Making of a Candidate for President." Time 20 July  1984:   40-42.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---SIGNED 
Kuhn, Susan.  "A New Stock Play in Saving and Loans." Fortune  15  May 
         1995:  67-72.

EDITORIAL---UNSIGNED 
"China's Conscience."  Editorial.  New York Times  19 May 1995, late ed.:  A22.

EDITORIAL---SIGNED 
Brownhurst, Marshall S. "Rush to Judgment." Editorial. Wall Street Journal  5 
           June  1995: A14.

II.  NON-PR1NT SOURCES 

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM

  “Show Title.” Program or Series Title.  Pertinent actors.  Directors.  Producers.  Network,
            Call  Letters, City.  Date.

"Pollution in the Desert."  Sixty Minutes.  Narr.  Mike Wallace.  Prod.  Jock 
             Fenway.  Dir.  John Brett. CBS WCBS, New York. 6 Mar. 1994.

SOUND RECORDING 
Cite first whichever is emphasized:
 Composer.  Performer.  Conductor. Title.  Artists.  Audiocassette.  LP if not a CD. 
 Manufacturer,  Date. or N.D. if unknown.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew.  Phantom of the 0pera.  Perf.  Michael Crawford, Sarah
           Brightman, and Steve Barton.  Sound Disc.  EMI, 1987.

Marsalis, Winton.  Crazy People Music.  Perf. Branford Marsalis Quartet.  Sound Disc. 
            Columbia,  1990.

McCourt, Frank.  Angela’s Ashes.  Perf.  Frank McCourt.  Audiocassette. 
             Audioworks, 1997.

FILM
 Title.  Director.  Also if pertinent, Writers. Performers.  Format.  Producer.  Distributor, Year.

Raiders of the Lost Ark.   Dir.  Steven Spielberg.  Perf.  Harrison Ford. 
         Videocassette.  Paramount, 1982.

INTERVIEWS 

INTERVIEW (BROADCAST) 
Gramm, Phil.  Interview with Charlie Rose.  Charlie Rose.  PBS.  WNET,  New York. 6  May 1994.

INTERVIEW (PERSONAL) 
Kennedy, Robert.  Personal interview. 11 Jan. 1971.

CD-ROM 
 Author. “Title.” Print Publication Date (if available). Database. Type of Source (CD-ROM or 
             diskette or magnetic tape). Vendor, Electronic Publication Date.

Cinemania.  CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1995.

CD-ROM---PERIODICAL ALSO PUBLISHED IN PRINT
Bily, Cynthia A."Across Five Aprils." MasterplotsComplete 1999.  CD-ROM.  Salem Press,
          1999.

“William Sydney Porter,” Discovering Authors 3.0. CD-ROM.  Gale Group, 1999.

COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES 
E-MAIL
Lovett, Richard.  "Discussion of Teacher Traits." Psychology  June 1993. E-mail. 
          psych@ducc 
           Message: Get psyc 93-xxxx.

ELECTRONIC TEXT (WEB POSTINGS, ONLINE TEXT, OR ONLINE SERVICE)

 Author. Title. Print Publication Date (if available). Organization. Electronic Text Repository. 
            Computer Network.  Access Date <electronic address>.

PROFESSIONAL OR PERSONAL SITE 

Alcohol Alert. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . 20  May 2001 
          <www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa09.htm>.

Dawe, James.  Jane Austen Page. 20 May 2001 
           <http://nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/~dawe/austen.html>.

ONLINE  DATABASE

 Author, “Title.” Publication.  Date: Pages.  Database.  Database Publisher.  Date of
 access<URL>.

EBSCOhost          MasterFILE Premier or Newspaper Source

“Banning Boards: Rad or Bad?” Current Events. 8 May 1998:3. MasterFILE Premier.
            EBSCO. 20 May 2001 <http://epnet.com>.  South Junior High School, Boise, ID. 20 May 2001<http://search.epnet.com>.

Gale Group (GaleNet)
Biography Resource Center, Contemporary Literary Criticism Select or Student
          Resource Center

“Florence Kelly.” American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Repoduced in
         Biography  Resource Center. Gale Group. South Junior High Library, Boise, ID.  20 May 2001 <http://www.galenet.com/>.

Gale Group (INFOTRAC) 
Business and Company, Expanded Academic, General Reference or Health
 Reference Center 

 “Children: Athletes Use Performance-enhancers Often.” Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly,
          16 Oct.  2000:8 Health Reference Center-Academic. Gale Group. 20 May 2001 
          <http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.

SIRS Knowledge Source 
SIRS  Government Reporter,  SIRS  Renaissance, or  SIRS  Researcher

Hanrahan, Jennifer. “Naked Truth.” Copley News Service. 9 May 2000:n.p. 
          SIRS Renaissance. SIRS Knowledge Source. 20 May 2001 <http://www.sirs.com>.

WORLDBOOK ONLINE

Reginald A. Hoyt, "Zebra," World Book Online Americas Edition. 1 Jan. 
           2001<http://www.worldbookonline.com>.

CAREER DATABASES 

“Elementary School Teacher.” CIS Idaho Career Information System. intoCareers. 15 Nov.
          2001 <http://idcis.intocareers.org/>. McLeish, Kendra and Bridges.com Staff.

Back to top

Libraries & Instructional Media
	8169 W. Victory Road Boise, ID 83709 PHONE ~ (208) 854-4131 FAX ~ (208) 854-4013