MLA

In research writing, it is important to give credit to sources that the writer includes in his or her paper. For purposes of standardization Boise schools are using the MLA Association style of documenting sources used in research.

Below are listed examples of the most commonly used types of references for the works cited (bibliography) portion of research papers. Each section is headed in bold font, with examples of how the works cited entry would appear. In the event that a given type of reference is not listed herein, the writer should consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th Edition.

I. PRINT SOURCES
BOOKS
Author last name, first name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

BOOK---NO NAMED AUTHOR
Blueprint for Life. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1993.

BOOK---ONE NAMED AUTHOR
Salisbury, Graham. Blue Skin of the Sea: A Novel in Stories. New York: Delacorte, 1992.

BOOK---MULTIPLE AUTHORS
Burnham, Robert W., Randall M. Hanes and C. James Bartleson. Color, a Guide
to Basic Facts and Concepts. New York: Wiley, 1963.

BOOK ---EDITED
The Art of Work. Ed. Christine LaRocco and Jim Coughlin. Cincinnati: South Western, 1996.

ARTICLE IN A BOOK EDITED
Brown, Charles. "Hate Speech Should Be Outlawed." Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints.
Ed. Charles P. Cosic. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994. 85-89.

WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY
White, E. B. "Once More to the Lake." The Norton Book of Personal Essays. Ed. Joseph
Epstein. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. 125.

BOOK---TRANSLATION
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isaevich. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans.
Ralph Parker. New York: Dutton, 1963.

BOOK---CORPORATE AUTHOR
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Gender Gaps: Where
Schools Still Fail Our Children. New York: Marlowe, 1999.

MULTIVOLUME WORK---CITING ONE VOLUME ONLY
"Puzo, Mario." Major 20TH Century Writers. Vol. 4. Ed. Kathleen Wilson.
Detroit: Gale, 1999. 2303-2306.

Gray, James. "John Steinbeck." American Writers: A Collection of Literary
Biographies. Vol. IV. Ed. Leonard Unger. New York: Scribner’s, 1974. 49-72.

PERIODICALS AND ARTICLES
Author lastname, first name. "Title." Publication. Date of Publication, Editon: Pages.

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---UNSIGNED
"DNA." Encyclopedia Americana. 14th ed. 1994.

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---SIGNED
Smith, Richard. "Color and Light." Encyclopedia Brittanica. 24th ed. 1995.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE---SIGNED
May, Clifford. "Religious Frictions Heat Up in Rwanda." New York Times 12
Aug. 1994, late ed.: A1+.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---UNSIGNED
"Making of a Candidate for President." Time 20 July 1984: 40-42.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---SIGNED
Kuhn, Susan. "A New Stock Play in Saving and Loans." Fortune 15 May
1995: 67-72.

EDITORIAL---UNSIGNED
"China's Conscience." Editorial. New York Times 19 May 1995, late ed.: A22.

EDITORIAL---SIGNED
Brownhurst, Marshall S. "Rush to Judgment." Editorial. Wall Street Journal 5
June 1995: A14.

II. NON-PR1NT SOURCES

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM

“Show Title.” Program or Series Title. Pertinent actors. Directors. Producers. Network,
Call Letters, City. Date.

"Pollution in the Desert." Sixty Minutes. Narr. Mike Wallace. Prod. Jock
Fenway. Dir. John Brett. CBS WCBS, New York. 6 Mar. 1994.

SOUND RECORDING
Cite first whichever is emphasized:
Composer. Performer. Conductor. Title. Artists. Audiocassette. LP if not a CD.
Manufacturer, Date. or N.D. if unknown.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew. Phantom of the 0pera. Perf. Michael Crawford, Sarah
Brightman, and Steve Barton. Sound Disc. EMI, 1987.

Marsalis, Winton. Crazy People Music. Perf. Branford Marsalis Quartet. Sound Disc.
Columbia, 1990.

McCourt, Frank. Angela’s Ashes. Perf. Frank McCourt. Audiocassette.
Audioworks, 1997.

FILM
Title. Director. Also if pertinent, Writers. Performers. Format. Producer. Distributor, Year.

Raiders of the Lost Ark. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Harrison Ford.
Videocassette. Paramount, 1982.

INTERVIEWS

INTERVIEW (BROADCAST)
Gramm, Phil. Interview with Charlie Rose. Charlie Rose. PBS. WNET, New York. 6 May
1994.

INTERVIEW (PERSONAL)
Kennedy, Robert. Personal interview. 11 Jan. 1971.

CD-ROM
Author. “Title.” Print Publication Date (if available). Database. Type of Source (CD-ROM or
diskette or magnetic tape). Vendor, Electronic Publication Date.

Cinemania. CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1995.

CD-ROM---PERIODICAL ALSO PUBLISHED IN PRINT
Bily, Cynthia A."Across Five Aprils." MasterplotsComplete 1999. CD-ROM. Salem Press,
1999.

“William Sydney Porter,” Discovering Authors 3.0. CD-ROM. Gale Group, 1999.

COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES
E-MAIL
Lovett, Richard. "Discussion of Teacher Traits." Psychology June 1993. E-mail.
psych@ducc
Message: Get psyc 93-xxxx.

ELECTRONIC TEXT (WEB POSTINGS, ONLINE TEXT, OR ONLINE SERVICE)

Author. Title. Print Publication Date (if available). Organization. Electronic Text Repository.
Computer Network. Access Date <electronic address>.

PROFESSIONAL OR PERSONAL SITE

Alcohol Alert. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . 20 May 2001
<www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa09.htm>.

Dawe, James. Jane Austen Page. 20 May 2001
<http://nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/~dawe/austen.html>.

ONLINE DATABASE

Author, “Title.” Publication. Date: Pages. Database. Database Publisher. Date of
access<URL>.

EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier or Newspaper Source

“Banning Boards: Rad or Bad?” Current Events. 8 May 1998:3. MasterFILE Premier.
EBSCO. 20 May 2001 <http://epnet.com>. South Junior High School, Boise, ID. 20 May 2001<http://search.epnet.com>.

Gale Group (GaleNet)
Biography Resource Center, Contemporary Literary Criticism Select or Student
Resource Center

“Florence Kelly.” American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Repoduced in
Biography Resource Center. Gale Group. South Junior High Library, Boise, ID. 20 May 2001 <http://www.galenet.com/>.

Gale Group (INFOTRAC)
Business and Company, Expanded Academic, General Reference or Health
Reference Center

“Children: Athletes Use Performance-enhancers Often.” Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly,
16 Oct. 2000:8 Health Reference Center-Academic. Gale Group. 20 May 2001
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.

SIRS Knowledge Source
SIRS Government Reporter, SIRS Renaissance, or SIRS Researcher

Hanrahan, Jennifer. “Naked Truth.” Copley News Service. 9 May 2000:n.p.
SIRS Renaissance. SIRS Knowledge Source. 20 May 2001 <http://www.sirs.com>.

WORLDBOOK ONLINE

Reginald A. Hoyt, "Zebra," World Book Online Americas Edition. 1 Jan.
2001<http://www.worldbookonline.com>.

CAREER DATABASES

“Elementary School Teacher.” CIS Idaho Career Information System. intoCareers. 15 Nov.
2001 <http://idcis.intocareers.org/>. McLeish, Kendra and Bridges.com Staff.