Riverglen Library Citation

MLA Format for Works Cited
(Capital High's excerpt from MLA Handbook for Research, 5th Edition -- by Joseph Gibaldi)

CAPITAL HIGH SCHOOL

MLA FORMAT FOR WORKS CITED SOURCE DOCUMENTATION
(Adopted by Riverglen Junior High)

Introduction

         An often-required skill of the work place and/or post-secondary education is that of researching and writing on a topic. Capital High School has developed a sequential strategy in various curriculums to teach students the technical skills of researching and reporting. In research writing, it is important to give credit to sources that the writer includes in his or her paper, and there are different "styles" of how this is done depending on the academic discipline in which the research writing occurs. For purposes of standardization, Capital High School has adopted the MLA (Modern Language Association) style of documenting sources used in research.
        The process of documenting sources is two-fold. In the text of the paper, the writer includes what are called "parenthetical" or "textual" citations. At the end of the research paper, we include what is called the "works cited" page(s). The works cited list is what was in years past referred to as a bibliography. Each citation in the text must be accounted for in the works cited, and each works cited entry must have a corresponding parenthetical reference citation in the text. By this, if a reader wishes to access any of the sources utilized by the writer, he or she can locate the source without difficulty.
         Below are listed examples of the most commonly used types of references for the works cited (bibliography) portion of research papers. Each section is headed in bold font, with examples of how the works cited entry would appear. In the event that a given type of reference is not listed herein, the writer should consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th Edition.   Work consulted is shown in the following Works Cited example.   5/30/2001

I. PRINT SOURCES

BOOKS

Author. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

BOOK---NO NAMED AUTHOR
Blueprint for Life. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1993.

BOOK---ONE NAMED AUTHOR
Salisbury, Graham. Blue Skin of the Sea: A Novel in Stories. New York: Delacorte, 1992.

BOOK---MULTIPLE AUTHORS

Burnham, Robert W., Randall M. Hanes and C. James Bartleson. Color, a Guide

to Basic Facts and Concepts. New York: Wiley, 1963.

BOOK---SAME AUTHOR(S)---USING 3 HYPHENS AFTER FIRST ENTRY.
Smiley, Jane. The All-true Travels and Adventures of Lidie Newton. New York: Random, 1998.

- - - A Thousand Arces. Thorndike Press, 1992.

BOOK ---EDITED
The Art of Work. Ed. Christine LaRocco and Jim Coughlin. Cincinnati: South Western, 1996.

ARTICLE IN A BOOK EDITED

Brown, Charles. "Hate Speech Should Be Outlawed." Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Charles

P. Cosic. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994. 85-89.

WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY
White, E. B. "Once More to the Lake." The Norton Book of Personal Essays. Ed. Joseph

Epstein. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. 125.

BOOK---TRANSLATION

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isaevich. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans.

Ralph Parker. New York: Dutton, 1963.

BOOK---CORPORATE AUTHOR
American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Gender Gaps: Where

Schools Still Fail Our Children. New York: Marlowe, 1999.

MULTIVOLUME WORK---CITING ONE VOLUME ONLY
“Puzo, Mario.” Major 20TH Century Writers. Vol. 4. Ed. Kathleen Wilson.

Detroit: Gale, 1999. 2303-2306.

Gray, James. “John Steinbeck.” American Writers: A Collection of Literary

Biographies. Vol. IV. Ed. Leonard Unger. New York: Scribner’s, 1974. 49-72.

PERIODICALS AND ARTICLES

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---UNSIGNED
"DNA." Encyclopedia Americana. 14th ed. 1994.

ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK---SIGNED
Smith, Richard. "Color and Light." Encyclopedia Brittanica. 24th ed. 1995.

Author. “Title.” Publication. Date of Publication, Editon: Pages.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE---SIGNED
May, Clifford. "Religious Frictions Heat Up in Rwanda." New York Times 12

Aug. 1994, late ed.: A1+.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---UNSIGNED
"Making of a Candidate for President." Time 20 July 1984: 40-42.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE---SIGNED
Kuhn, Susan. "A New Stock Play in Saving and Loans." Fortune 15 May

1995: 67-72.

EDITORIAL---UNSIGNED
"China's Conscience." Editorial. New York Times 19 May 1995, late ed.: A22.

EDITORIAL---SIGNED
Brownhurst, Marshall S. "Rush to Judgment." Editorial. Wall Street Journal 5

June 1995: A14.

II. NON-PR1NT SOURCES

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM

“Show Title.” Program or Series Title. Pertinent actors. Directors. Producers. Network, Call
Letters, City. Date.

"Pollution in the Desert." Sixty Minutes. Narr. Mike Wallace. Prod. Jock

Fenway. Dir. John Brett. CBS WCBS, New York. 6 Mar. 1994.

SOUND RECORDING

Cite first whichever is emphasized:

Composer. Performer. Conductor. Title. Artists. Audiocassette. LP if not a CD. Manufacturer,
Date. or N.D. if unknown.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew. Phantom of the 0pera. Perf. Michael Crawford, Sarah

Brightman, and Steve Barton. Sound Disc. EMI, 1987.

Marsalis, Winton. Crazy People Music. Perf. Branford Marsalis Quartet. Sound Disc.

Columbia, 1990.

McCourt, Frank. Angela’s Ashes. Perf. Frank McCourt. Audiocassette.

Audioworks, 1997.

FILM

Title. Director. Also if pertinent, Writers. Performers. Format. Producer. Distributor, Year.

Raiders of the Lost Ark. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Harrison Ford.

Videocassette. Paramount, 1982.

INTERVIEWS

INTERVIEW (BROADCAST)
Gramm, Phil. Interview with Charlie Rose. Charlie Rose. PBS. WNET, New York. 6 May 1994.

INTERVIEW (PERSONAL)
Kennedy, Robert. Personal interview. 11 Jan. 1971.

CD-ROM

Author. “Title.” Print Publication Date (if available). Database. Type of Source (CD-ROM or
diskette or magnetic tape). Vendor, Electronic Publication Date.

Cinemania. CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 1995.

CD-ROM---PERIODICAL ALSO PUBLISHED IN PRINT
Bily, Cynthia A."Across Five Aprils." MasterplotsComplete 1999. CD-ROM. Salem Press, 1999.

“William Sydney Porter,” Discovering Authors 3.0. CD-ROM. Gale Group, 1999.

COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES
E-MAIL
Lovett, Richard. "Discussion of Teacher Traits." Psycholoquy June 1993. E-mail. psych@ducc

Message: Get psyc 93-xxxx.

ELECTRONIC TEXT (WEB POSTINGS, ONLINE TEXT, OR ONLINE SERVICE)

Author. Title. Print Publication Date (if available). Organization. Electronic Text Repository.
Computer Network. Access Date <electronic address>.

PROFESSIONAL OR PERSONAL SITE

Alcohol Alert. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . 20 May 2001

<www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa09.htm>.

Dawe, James. Jane Austen Page. 20 May 2001

<http://nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/~dawe/austen.html>.

ONLINE DATABASE

Author, “Title.” Publication. Date: Pages. Database. Database Publisher. Date of access<URL>.

EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier or Newspaper Source

“Banning Boards: Rad or Bad?” Current Events. 8 May 1998:3. MasterFILE Premier.

EBSCO. 20 May 2001 <http://epnet.com>.

Gale Group (GaleNet)
Biography Resource Center, Contemporary Literary Criticism Select or Student Resource Center

“Florence Kelly.” American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Repoduced in Biography

Resource Center. Gale Group. 20 May 2001 <http://www.galenet.com/>.

Gale Group (INFOTRAC)
Business and Company, Expanded Academic, General Reference or Health Reference Center

“Children: Athletes Use Performance-enhancers Often.” Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly, 16 Oct.

2000:8 Health Reference Center-Academic. Gale Group. 20 May 2001

<http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.

Bell & Howell ProQuest

“Group Runs, Sponsored By Nike.” The Oregonian. 8 Oct., 1999:10 Arts&Entertainment.

Proquest. Bell &Howell. 20 May 2001 <http://www.umi.com/>.

SIRS Knowledge Source
SIRS Government Reporter, SIRS Renaissance, or SIRS Researcher

Hanrahan, Jennifer. “Naked Truth.” Copley News Service. 9 May 2000:n.p.

SIRS Renaissance. SIRS Knowledge Source. 20 May 2001 <http://www.sirs.com>.

WORLDBOOK ONLINE

Reginald A. Hoyt, "Zebra," World Book Online Americas Edition. 1 Jan.

2001<http://www.worldbookonline.com>.

CAREER DATABASES

“Elementary School Teacher.” CIS Idaho Career Information System. intoCareers. 15 Nov. 2001

<http://idcis.intocareers.org/>.

McLeish, Kendra and Bridges.com Staff. “Physical Therapist.” CX Bridges. Bridges.com Inc.

15 Nov. 2001 <http://usa.cx.bridges.com/>.

FOR FURTHER HELP WITH BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Visit the web page of Mt. Ararat High School and their MLA Reference Paper Stylesheet

For assistance in creating a bibliographic entry visit NoodleBib

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION AND THE LIST OF WORKS CITED

Citing Direct Sources:

The list of works cited at the end of your research paper is important for giving credit to your sources, but does not alone provide enough documentation. You must show your readers not only what works you used in writing the paper, but also what information you took from each source and exactly where in the source you found the material. Whenever you use another person’s words, facts, or ideas you must insert a parenthesis (including the author’s last name and the page the info was taken from) to give credit to your source.

Example of Parenthetical Documentation (Direct Source):

Medieval Europe was a place both of "raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion" and of

"traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in grain"

(Townsend 10).

Works Cited:

Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton, 1993.

Citing Indirect Sources:

If possible, get your info from the original source, not a secondhand one. But there are times when only an indirect source is available (like someone’s published account of another’s spoken words and ideas). If what you quote or paraphrase is itself a quotation, put the abbreviation qtd in ("quoted in") before the indirect source you cite in your parenthetical reference. If the material used is not a quote or a paraphrased quote simple put the author’s name (or title if no author is given) and page numbers in the parenthesis ("author, page").

Examples of Parenthetical Documentation (Indirect Source):

Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an "extraordinary man" (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450). The commentary of the sixteenth-century literary scholars Bernard Segni and

Lionardo Salviati shows them to be less than faithful followers of Aristotle

(qtd. in Weinberg 1: 405, 616-17)

Works Cited:

Boswell, James. The Life of Johnson. Ed. George Birkbeck Hill and L. F. Powell. 6 vols.

Oxford: Clarendon, 1934-50.

Weinberg, Bernard. A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance. 2 vols. Chicago:

U of Chicago P, 1961.

PUNCTUATION RULES FOR WORKS CITED OR BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE

Remember:

Always underline the title of the work cited (except for a short story, or article within another work – these have quotation marks around them).
Alphabetize by the author’s last name.
If there is no author, alphabetize by title (ignore "A," "An," or "The" if it starts the title)
Always indent the second or third lines (5 spaces).
In the past, you were supposed to leave 1 space after commas and 2 spaces after periods and colons. In the latest version of MLA (5^th ed.), you can leave just 1 space afer periods and colons (as well as 1 space after commas). Check to see with your teacher which he/she prefers.
Always double space each line in research paper (including header and works cited page)

Example:

***If a citation takes two or more lines, double space each line and indent five spaces for all the lines after the first one.

SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT COVER PAGES:

Using a cover page for a research paper is not required for proper MLA format. However some instructors do ask for them. A cover page includes all the information that normally goes in the upper left-hand corner of the first page. Then the first page of the actual paper can simply include your last name and the page number (1 in this case) in the upper right hand corner. If asked to create a cover sheet, please check with your instructor on how exactly he/she want it to be set up. Instructors do differ in their preferences.

MLA Format "Pink Sheets"

Capital High School's Final Draft Requirements (Revised March 2008)

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